Contrapunctus
Connections

The Web of Influence

Teachers and pupils, quotations, borrowings and meetings between composers, painters and poets, each with its sources.

343 sourced connections
80 composers · 130 other figures

Composers and other figures, in order of birth.
Bach’s connections, the most in the web.

The BaroqueClassicalRomanticismFin de siècleThe French LineModernismAfter 19451100150016501700175018001850190019502000Gregorian chantGregorian chantMedieval tradition10 sourced connectionsChant intonation in Bach’s B minor Mass CredoThe Thousand and One NightsThe Thousand and One NightsMedieval tradition1 sourced connectionRimsky-⁠Korsakov’s Scheherazade after the Thousand and One Nights1140Jaufré RudelJaufré Rudel12th century1 sourced connectionSaariaho’s L’Amour de loin and Jaufré Rudel1450Heinrich IsaacHeinrich Isaacc. 1450–⁠15171 sourced connectionWebern’s edition of Isaac’s Choralis Constantinus1483Martin LutherMartin Luther1483–⁠15461 sourced connectionBach’s cantata BWV 80 on Luther’s hymnBalinese gamelanBalinese gamelanLiving tradition2 sourced connectionsColin McPhee’s Balinese transcriptions and BrittenJavanese gamelanJavanese gamelanLiving tradition1 sourced connectionDebussy and the Javanese gamelan, Paris, 18891525Giovanni Pierluigi da PalestrinaGiovanni Pierluigi da Palestrinac. 1525–⁠15941 sourced connectionPalestrina in Fux’s Gradus ad Parnassum1564William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare1564–⁠16166 sourced connectionsMendelssohn’s Midsummer Night’s Dream Overture after Shakespeare1567Claudio MonteverdiClaudio Monteverdi1567–⁠16432 sourced connectionsMonteverdi’s Lamento della ninfa1583Girolamo FrescobaldiGirolamo Frescobaldi1583–⁠16431 sourced connectionBach’s copy of Frescobaldi’s Fiori musicali1583Giulio StrozziGiulio Strozzi1583–⁠16521 sourced connectionGiulio Strozzi’s texts for Barbara Strozzi’s Opus 1BirdsongBirdsongNature2 sourced connectionsBeach’s hermit thrush transcriptions, MacDowell Colony, 1921La Folia traditionLa Folia traditionIberian dance tradition5 sourced connectionsCorelli’s Folia, Op. 5 No. 12Polish folk musicPolish folk musicTraditional1 sourced connectionChopin and village music, Szafarnia, 1824–⁠25The descending lament bassThe descending lament bassBaroque ground-bass convention6 sourced connectionsMonteverdi’s Lamento della ninfa1602Francesco CavalliFrancesco Cavalli1602–⁠16761 sourced connectionCavalli’s teaching of Barbara Strozzi1608John MiltonJohn Milton1608–⁠16741 sourced connectionHandel’s setting of Milton’s L’Allegro and Il Penseroso1619StrozziBarbara Strozzi1619–⁠16774 sourced connectionsGiulio Strozzi’s texts for Barbara Strozzi’s Opus 11631John DrydenJohn Dryden1631–⁠17001 sourced connectionHandel’s setting of Dryden’s Alexander’s Feast1632Jean-⁠Baptiste LullyJean-⁠Baptiste Lully1632–⁠16872 sourced connectionsCéphale et Procris and Lully’s tragédies en musique1637Dieterich BuxtehudeDieterich Buxtehudec. 1637–⁠17071 sourced connectionBach’s visit to Buxtehude, Lübeck, 1705–⁠061643Johann Adam ReinckenJohann Adam Reincken1643–⁠17221 sourced connectionBach’s Sonata BWV 965 after Reincken1644Heinrich Ignaz Franz BiberHeinrich Ignaz Franz Biber1644–⁠17041 sourced connectionBiber’s Passacaglia for solo violin1653Arcangelo CorelliArcangelo Corelli1653–⁠17135 sourced connectionsCorelli’s Folia, Op. 5 No. 121656Marin MaraisMarin Marais1656–⁠17281 sourced connectionMarais’s Couplets de folies1659Henry PurcellHenry Purcell1659–⁠16953 sourced connectionsPurcell’s Lament from Dido and Aeneas1660Johann Joseph FuxJohann Joseph Fux1660–⁠17413 sourced connectionsPalestrina in Fux’s Gradus ad Parnassum1663Friedrich Wilhelm ZachowFriedrich Wilhelm Zachow1663–⁠17121 sourced connectionHandel’s studies with Zachow, Halle1665Jacquet de La GuerreÉlisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre1665–⁠17294 sourced connectionsCéphale et Procris and Lully’s tragédies en musique1668CouperinFrançois Couperin1668–⁠17335 sourced connectionsCouperin’s Apothéose de Corelli1672Antoine Houdar de La MotteAntoine Houdar de La Motte1672–⁠17311 sourced connectionCantatas on La Motte’s scriptural poems1672Nicolas de GrignyNicolas de Grigny1672–⁠17031 sourced connectionBach’s copy of Grigny’s Livre d’orgue1673Alessandro MarcelloAlessandro Marcello1673–⁠17471 sourced connectionBach’s Concerto BWV 974 after Marcello1677Évrard Titon du TilletÉvrard Titon du Tillet1677–⁠17621 sourced connectionTiton du Tillet’s Parnasse françois entry, 17321678VivaldiAntonio Vivaldi1678–⁠17413 sourced connectionsVivaldi’s Folia sonata, RV 631683RameauJean-⁠Philippe Rameau1683–⁠17641 sourced connectionVoltaire’s text for Rameau’s Princesse de Navarre1685ScarlattiDomenico Scarlatti1685–⁠17573 sourced connectionsHandel and Scarlatti’s reported contest, Rome, 17081685HandelGeorge Frideric Handel1685–⁠17599 sourced connectionsHandel’s studies with Zachow, Halle1685J. S. BachJohann Sebastian Bach1685–⁠175034 sourced connectionsBach’s visit to Buxtehude, Lübeck, 1705–⁠061686Nicola Antonio PorporaNicola Antonio Porpora1686–⁠17681 sourced connectionHaydn’s studies with Porpora, early 1750s1687Francesco GeminianiFrancesco Geminiani1687–⁠17621 sourced connectionGeminiani’s concerto grosso after Corelli’s Folia1694VoltaireVoltaire1694–⁠17781 sourced connectionVoltaire’s text for Rameau’s Princesse de NavarreEwe drumming of GhanaEwe drumming of GhanaOral tradition1 sourced connectionReich’s study of Ewe drumming, Ghana, 1970Spanish guitar and dance traditionsSpanish guitar and dance traditionsEarly modern traditions1 sourced connectionSpanish guitar strumming in Scarlatti’s Sonata K. 1751710Giovanni Battista PergolesiGiovanni Battista Pergolesi1710–⁠17362 sourced connectionsBach’s BWV 1083 after Pergolesi’s Stabat mater1714C. P. E. BachCarl Philipp Emanuel Bach1714–⁠17885 sourced connectionsEmanuel Bach’s studies with his father1724Friedrich Gottlieb KlopstockFriedrich Gottlieb Klopstock1724–⁠18031 sourced connectionMahler’s setting of Klopstock’s Resurrection hymn1732HaydnJoseph Haydn1732–⁠18098 sourced connectionsHaydn’s study of Emanuel Bach’s sonatas1733Gottfried van SwietenGottfried van Swieten1733–⁠18031 sourced connectionMozart at van Swieten’s Sunday gatherings, 17821735Johann Christian BachJohann Christian Bach1735–⁠17821 sourced connectionMozart’s concertos K. 107 after J. C. Bach1736Johann Georg AlbrechtsbergerJohann Georg Albrechtsberger1736–⁠18091 sourced connectionBeethoven’s studies with Albrechtsberger, 17941749Johann Wolfgang von GoetheJohann Wolfgang von Goethe1749–⁠18325 sourced connectionsBeethoven’s music for Goethe’s Egmont1750Antonio SalieriAntonio Salieri1750–⁠18252 sourced connectionsBeethoven’s studies with Salieri, c. 1800–⁠02The B–A–C–H signatureThe B–A–C–H signatureFour-note musical cryptogram1 sourced connectionB–A–C–H in Bach’s Art of Fugue1756MozartWolfgang Amadeus Mozart1756–⁠179112 sourced connectionsMozart’s Concerto K. 40 finale after Emanuel Bach1758Carl Friedrich ZelterCarl Friedrich Zelter1758–⁠18321 sourced connectionFanny Mendelssohn’s studies with Zelter, 18191759Friedrich SchillerFriedrich Schiller1759–⁠18053 sourced connectionsBeethoven’s setting of Schiller’s An die Freude1760Katsushika HokusaiKatsushika Hokusai1760–⁠18491 sourced connectionHokusai’s Great Wave on La Mer’s cover1763Jean PaulJean Paul1763–⁠18252 sourced connectionsSchumann’s Papillons and Jean Paul’s Flegeljahre1770BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven1770–⁠182724 sourced connectionsBeethoven’s early study of the Well-⁠Tempered Clavier1776E. T. A. HoffmannE. T. A. Hoffmann1776–⁠18222 sourced connectionsHoffmann’s Kreisler and Schumann’s Kreisleriana1782Niccolò PaganiniNiccolò Paganini1782–⁠18403 sourced connectionsLiszt at Paganini’s Opéra concert, 18321788Arthur SchopenhauerArthur Schopenhauer1788–⁠18601 sourced connectionWagner’s letter to Liszt on Schopenhauer, 18541788Friedrich RückertFriedrich Rückert1788–⁠18661 sourced connectionMahler’s settings of Rückert’s Kindertotenlieder1788Lord ByronLord Byron1788–⁠18241 sourced connectionBerlioz’s Harold en Italie after Byron1792RossiniGioachino Rossini1792–⁠18686 sourced connectionsRossini’s reported visit to Beethoven, Vienna, 18221794Wilhelm HenselWilhelm Hensel1794–⁠18611 sourced connectionWilhelm Hensel’s drawings for Fanny’s Das Jahr1797SchubertFranz Schubert1797–⁠18286 sourced connectionsSchubert’s studies with Salieri, c. 18121798Adam MickiewiczAdam Mickiewicz1798–⁠18551 sourced connectionMickiewicz’s poems and Chopin’s Ballades1799Alexander PushkinAlexander Pushkin1799–⁠18373 sourced connectionsMussorgsky’s Boris Godunov after Pushkin1799Fromental HalévyFromental Halévy1799–⁠18621 sourced connectionBizet’s studies with Halévy, 1853Chinese folk melody (Mòlìhuā)Chinese folk melody (Mòlìhuā)Oral tradition1 sourced connectionChinese music-box melodies in Puccini’s TurandotHungarian peasant songHungarian peasant songOral tradition1 sourced connectionBartók’s phonograph recordings of peasant songs, 1906–⁠08Lithuanian folk songLithuanian folk songOral tradition1 sourced connectionLithuanian folk song in The Rite of Spring1801John Henry NewmanJohn Henry Newman1801–⁠18901 sourced connectionElgar’s setting of Newman’s Dream of Gerontius1801Vincenzo BelliniVincenzo Bellini1801–⁠18351 sourced connectionBellini’s bel canto and Chopin’s Hexaméron variation1803BerliozHector Berlioz1803–⁠186912 sourced connectionsBerlioz at Hamlet, Odéon, 1827Des Knaben WunderhornDes Knaben WunderhornPublished 1805–⁠18083 sourced connectionsMahler’s setting of the Fischpredigt1805HenselFanny Hensel1805–⁠18472 sourced connectionsFanny Mendelssohn’s studies with Zelter, 18191807Aloysius BertrandAloysius Bertrand1807–⁠18411 sourced connectionBertrand’s poems in Ravel’s Gaspard de la nuit1807Henry Wadsworth LongfellowHenry Wadsworth Longfellow1807–⁠18821 sourced connectionLongfellow’s Hiawatha in Dvořák’s New World Symphony1809Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe1809–⁠18492 sourced connectionsRachmaninoff’s The Bells after Poe and Balmont1809MendelssohnFelix Mendelssohn1809–⁠18475 sourced connectionsMendelssohn’s Midsummer Night’s Dream Overture after Shakespeare1810ChopinFrédéric Chopin1810–⁠18499 sourced connectionsChopin and village music, Szafarnia, 1824–⁠251810R. SchumannRobert Schumann1810–⁠18569 sourced connectionsSchumann’s Papillons and Jean Paul’s Flegeljahre1811LisztFranz Liszt1811–⁠188618 sourced connectionsLiszt at Paganini’s Opéra concert, 18321813Alexander DargomyzhskyAlexander Dargomyzhsky1813–⁠18691 sourced connectionDargomyzhsky’s Stone Guest and Mussorgsky’s Marriage1813Georg BüchnerGeorg Büchner1813–⁠18371 sourced connectionBerg’s Wozzeck after Büchner’s Woyzeck1813VerdiGiuseppe Verdi1813–⁠19015 sourced connectionsVerdi’s Macbeth after Shakespeare1813WagnerRichard Wagner1813–⁠188318 sourced connectionsWagner at Roméo et Juliette, Paris, 18391818Charles GounodCharles Gounod1818–⁠18931 sourced connectionBizet’s Symphony in C after Gounod’s First1819C. SchumannClara Schumann1819–⁠18964 sourced connectionsMendelssohn conducting Clara Wieck’s Concerto, 18351821Fyodor DostoevskyFyodor Dostoevsky1821–⁠18812 sourced connectionsDostoevsky’s Brothers Karamazov and Mahler’s symphonies1821Mary Baker EddyMary Baker Eddy1821–⁠19101 sourced connectionProkofiev’s reading of Mary Baker Eddy1824Alexandre Dumas filsAlexandre Dumas fils1824–⁠18951 sourced connectionVerdi’s La traviata after Dumas’s Dame aux camélias1824BrucknerAnton Bruckner1824–⁠18962 sourced connectionsBruckner’s Third Symphony, dedicated to Wagner1824SmetanaBedřich Smetana1824–⁠18844 sourced connectionsSmetana at Wagner performances, Munich, 1868–⁠721825Eduard HanslickEduard Hanslick1825–⁠19041 sourced connectionHanslick and Wagner’s Beckmesser, 18621827Arnold BöcklinArnold Böcklin1827–⁠19011 sourced connectionRachmaninoff’s Isle of the Dead after Böcklin1828Leo TolstoyLeo Tolstoy1828–⁠19102 sourced connectionsJanáček’s Kreutzer Sonata Quartet after Tolstoy1832Nikolai ZverevNikolai Zverev1832–⁠18931 sourced connectionRachmaninoff’s studies with Zverev, Moscow, 18851833BorodinAlexander Borodin1833–⁠18874 sourced connectionsBalakirev’s teaching of Borodin, 18621833BrahmsJohannes Brahms1833–⁠189710 sourced connectionsReményi’s account of Brahms at Weimar, 18531833Larin ParaskeLarin Paraske1833–⁠19041 sourced connectionSibelius and Larin Paraske, Porvoo, 18911834Viktor HartmannViktor Hartmann1834–⁠18731 sourced connectionMussorgsky and Hartmann’s memorial exhibition, 18741835Saint-⁠SaënsCamille Saint-⁠Saëns1835–⁠19216 sourced connectionsFauré’s theme in Saint-⁠Saëns’s Piano Concerto No. 21837Mily BalakirevMily Balakirev1837–⁠19104 sourced connectionsBalakirev’s teaching of Borodin, 18621838BizetGeorges Bizet1838–⁠18756 sourced connectionsBizet’s studies with Halévy, 18531839MussorgskyModest Mussorgsky1839–⁠18815 sourced connectionsDargomyzhsky’s Stone Guest and Mussorgsky’s Marriage1840TchaikovskyPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky1840–⁠18939 sourced connectionsTchaikovsky at Wagner’s concerts, St Petersburg, 18631841DvořákAntonín Dvořák1841–⁠19046 sourced connectionsDvořák as violist in Smetana’s premieres1841Emmanuel ChabrierEmmanuel Chabrier1841–⁠18941 sourced connectionRavel’s Sérénade grotesque after Chabrier1842Stéphane MallarméStéphane Mallarmé1842–⁠18982 sourced connectionsDebussy’s Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune after Mallarmé1843GriegEdvard Grieg1843–⁠19075 sourced connectionsGrieg’s Piano Concerto after Schumann’s1844Friedrich NietzscheFriedrich Nietzsche1844–⁠19003 sourced connectionsNietzsche on Carmen, Genoa, 18811844Rimsky-⁠KorsakovNikolai Rimsky-⁠Korsakov1844–⁠19089 sourced connectionsRimsky-⁠Korsakov and Berlioz’s orchestration treatise1845FauréGabriel Fauré1845–⁠19245 sourced connectionsFauré’s studies with Saint-⁠Saëns, Paris, 1861American hymn tunes and town bandsAmerican hymn tunes and town bands19th-century tradition1 sourced connectionHymn tunes and town bands in Ives’s music1854George Whitefield ChadwickGeorge Whitefield Chadwick1854–⁠19311 sourced connectionPrice’s studies with Chadwick, Boston, 1903–⁠061854JanáčekLeoš Janáček1854–⁠19281 sourced connectionJanáček’s Kreutzer Sonata Quartet after Tolstoy1855Anatoly LyadovAnatoly Lyadov1855–⁠19141 sourced connectionProkofiev’s studies with Lyadov, 19061856André GédalgeAndré Gédalge1856–⁠19261 sourced connectionRavel’s studies with Gédalge, 18971856Sergei TaneyevSergei Taneyev1856–⁠19151 sourced connectionRachmaninoff’s studies with Taneyev, 18881857ElgarEdward Elgar1857–⁠19342 sourced connectionsBeethoven’s Pathétique and Elgar’s Nimrod1858PucciniGiacomo Puccini1858–⁠19242 sourced connectionsPuccini at Aida, Pisa, 18761858Hans RottHans Rott1858–⁠18841 sourced connectionHans Rott’s scherzo and Mahler’s First and Fifth1858Joséphin PéladanJoséphin Péladan1858–⁠19181 sourced connectionSatie’s Sonneries de la Rose+Croix for PéladanBohemian military-band traditionBohemian military-band traditionMahler’s childhood, 1860s–1870s1 sourced connectionMilitary bands in Mahler’s Iglau childhood1860MahlerGustav Mahler1860–⁠191123 sourced connectionsMilitary bands in Mahler’s Iglau childhood1861Anton ArenskyAnton Arensky1861–⁠19061 sourced connectionRachmaninoff’s studies with Arensky, 18881862DebussyClaude Debussy1862–⁠19189 sourced connectionsDebussy and the Javanese gamelan, Paris, 18891863Alexander SilotiAlexander Siloti1863–⁠19451 sourced connectionRachmaninoff’s studies with Siloti, 18881864StraussRichard Strauss1864–⁠19492 sourced connectionsStrauss’s Also sprach Zarathustra after Nietzsche1865NielsenCarl Nielsen1865–⁠19314 sourced connectionsNielsen at the Ring, Dresden, 18901865SibeliusJean Sibelius1865–⁠19572 sourced connectionsSibelius and Larin Paraske, Porvoo, 18911866Anacleto de MedeirosAnacleto de Medeiros1866–⁠19071 sourced connectionMedeiros’s Yará in Villa-⁠Lobos’s Chôros No. 101866SatieErik Satie1866–⁠19255 sourced connectionsSatie’s Sonneries de la Rose+Croix for Péladan1866Harry T. BurleighHarry T. Burleigh1866–⁠19491 sourced connectionBurleigh’s spirituals and Dvořák’s New World Symphony1866Wassily KandinskyWassily Kandinsky1866–⁠19442 sourced connectionsKandinsky’s Impression III after Schoenberg’s concert1867BeachAmy Beach1867–⁠19444 sourced connectionsBeach’s setting of Schiller’s Eilende Wolken1868Francis JammesFrancis Jammes1868–⁠19381 sourced connectionLili Boulanger’s settings of Francis Jammes1868Stefan GeorgeStefan George1868–⁠19331 sourced connectionSchoenberg’s setting of George in the Second Quartet1872ScriabinAlexander Scriabin1872–⁠19151 sourced connectionScriabin’s Preludes, Op. 11, and Chopin’s Op. 281872Vaughan WilliamsRalph Vaughan Williams1872–⁠19585 sourced connectionsVaughan Williams’s edition of Purcell’s Royal Welcome Songs1872Sergei DiaghilevSergei Diaghilev1872–⁠19291 sourced connectionDiaghilev’s commissions of Ala et Lolly and Chout1873Max RegerMax Reger1873–⁠19161 sourced connectionReger’s Fantasy and Fugue on B–A–C–H, Op. 461873Nikolai TcherepninNikolai Tcherepnin1873–⁠19451 sourced connectionProkofiev’s studies with Tcherepnin, 19091873RachmaninoffSergei Rachmaninoff1873–⁠194319 sourced connectionsRachmaninoff’s studies with Zverev, Moscow, 18851874SchoenbergArnold Schoenberg1874–⁠19518 sourced connectionsSchoenberg’s setting of George in the Second Quartet1874IvesCharles Ives1874–⁠19543 sourced connectionsHymn tunes and town bands in Ives’s music1875RavelMaurice Ravel1875–⁠193718 sourced connectionsRavel and Russian music, Paris Exposition, 18891875Reinhold GlièreReinhold Glière1875–⁠19561 sourced connectionProkofiev’s studies with Glière, Sontsovka, 1902–⁠031875William Hamilton SteppWilliam Hamilton Stepp1875–⁠19571 sourced connectionStepp’s Bonaparte’s Retreat in Copland’s Hoe-⁠Down1876Hans BethgeHans Bethge1876–⁠19461 sourced connectionMahler’s setting of Bethge’s Die chinesische Flöte1876FallaManuel de Falla1876–⁠19464 sourced connectionsFalla’s article on Stravinsky, La Tribuna, 19161878Charles HambitzerCharles Hambitzerc. 1878–⁠19181 sourced connectionGershwin’s studies with Hambitzer, 1913–⁠181879Wanda LandowskaWanda Landowska1879–⁠19591 sourced connectionPoulenc’s Concert champêtre for Landowska1881BartókBéla Bartók1881–⁠19452 sourced connectionsBartók’s phonograph recordings of peasant songs, 1906–⁠081882StravinskyIgor Stravinsky1882–⁠19716 sourced connectionsStravinsky’s studies with Rimsky-⁠Korsakov, to 19081883WebernAnton Webern1883–⁠19453 sourced connectionsWebern’s edition of Isaac’s Choralis Constantinus1883Franz KafkaFranz Kafka1883–⁠19241 sourced connectionKurtág’s Kafka-⁠Fragmente, Op. 241885BergAlban Berg1885–⁠19355 sourced connectionsBerg’s studies with Schoenberg, 1904–⁠111885DuBose HeywardDuBose Heyward1885–⁠19401 sourced connectionGershwin’s Porgy and Bess after Heyward’s Porgy1887Arthur RubinsteinArthur Rubinstein1887–⁠19821 sourced connectionRubinstein and Villa-⁠Lobos’s first Paris stay, 19231887PriceFlorence Price1887–⁠19535 sourced connectionsPrice’s studies with Chadwick, Boston, 1903–⁠061887Villa-⁠LobosHeitor Villa-⁠Lobos1887–⁠19594 sourced connectionsRubinstein and Villa-⁠Lobos’s first Paris stay, 19231887Nadia BoulangerNadia Boulanger1887–⁠19792 sourced connectionsCopland’s studies with Nadia Boulanger, 1921–⁠24Frère Jacques / Bruder MartinFrère Jacques / Bruder MartinTraditional round, quoted by Mahler in 18882 sourced connectionsBruder Martin in Mahler’s First Symphony1891ProkofievSergei Prokofiev1891–⁠195313 sourced connectionsProkofiev’s studies with Glière, Sontsovka, 1902–⁠031893Andrés SegoviaAndrés Segovia1893–⁠19871 sourced connectionVilla-⁠Lobos’s twelve études for Segovia1893BoulangerLili Boulanger1893–⁠19181 sourced connectionLili Boulanger’s settings of Francis Jammes1897Marian AndersonMarian Anderson1897–⁠19931 sourced connectionAnderson singing Price, Lincoln Memorial, 19391898GershwinGeorge Gershwin1898–⁠19373 sourced connectionsGershwin’s studies with Hambitzer, 1913–⁠181898Sergei EisensteinSergei Eisenstein1898–⁠19481 sourced connectionEisenstein and Prokofiev’s Alexander Nevsky1899Carlos ChávezCarlos Chávez1899–⁠19781 sourced connectionChávez and Copland in Mexico, 19321899PoulencFrancis Poulenc1899–⁠19632 sourced connectionsPoulenc’s Concert champêtre for Landowska1900CoplandAaron Copland1900–⁠19905 sourced connectionsCopland’s studies with Nadia Boulanger, 1921–⁠241903Mark RothkoMark Rothko1903–⁠19701 sourced connectionFeldman’s Rothko Chapel and Rothko’s paintings1904Luigi DallapiccolaLuigi Dallapiccola1904–⁠19751 sourced connectionDallapiccola’s orchestration of Amor dormiglione, 19401906ShostakovichDmitri Shostakovich1906–⁠19754 sourced connectionsSollertinsky, Shostakovich and Mahler1907W. H. AudenW. H. Auden1907–⁠19732 sourced connectionsAuden’s libretto for Britten’s Paul Bunyan1908MessiaenOlivier Messiaen1908–⁠19924 sourced connectionsMessiaen and Debussy’s Pelléas et MélisandeSpanish song traditionSpanish song traditionTraditional songs; Ravel’s Rapsodie espagnole, 19081 sourced connectionSpanish songs sung by Ravel’s mother1912Conlon NancarrowConlon Nancarrow1912–⁠19971 sourced connectionLigeti and Nancarrow’s Player Piano Studies, 19801912CageJohn Cage1912–⁠19925 sourced connectionsCage’s studies with Schoenberg, Los Angeles, 19351913BrittenBenjamin Britten1913–⁠19766 sourced connectionsBritten at Mahler’s Fourth, London Prom, 19301913Margaret BondsMargaret Bonds1913–⁠19721 sourced connectionFlorence Price and Margaret Bonds in ChicagoBasque dance traditionBasque dance traditionTraditional dance; Ravel’s Piano Trio, 19141 sourced connectionBasque dance rhythm in Ravel’s Piano TrioZnamenny chantZnamenny chantOrthodox chant; Rachmaninoff’s Vigil, 19152 sourced connectionsZnamenny chant in Rachmaninoff’s All-⁠Night Vigil1918BernsteinLeonard Bernstein1918–⁠19906 sourced connectionsCopland’s mentoring of Bernstein, 19371920Ravi ShankarRavi Shankar1920–⁠20121 sourced connectionGlass’s work with Ravi Shankar, 19651922XenakisIannis Xenakis1922–⁠20014 sourced connectionsXenakis’s first hearing of Debussy, Athens1923LigetiGyörgy Ligeti1923–⁠20061 sourced connectionLigeti and Nancarrow’s Player Piano Studies, 19801925BoulezPierre Boulez1925–⁠20165 sourced connectionsBoulez’s studies with Messiaen, 1944–⁠451926KurtágGyörgy Kurtág1926–1 sourced connectionKurtág’s Kafka-⁠Fragmente, Op. 241926FeldmanMorton Feldman1926–⁠19872 sourced connectionsFeldman and Cage after Webern’s Symphony, 1950Jazz and bluesJazz and bluesRavel’s Violin Sonata, Blues, 19271 sourced connectionJazz and blues in Ravel’s Violin SonataAfrican American spiritualsAfrican American spiritualsOral tradition; Price’s Fantasie nègre, 19291 sourced connectionSpiritual theme in Price’s Fantasie nègre1929George CrumbGeorge Crumb1929–⁠20221 sourced connectionDies irae in Crumb’s Black Angels1931GubaidulinaSofia Gubaidulina1931–⁠20252 sourced connectionsShostakovich and Gubaidulina’s Conservatoire examination, 19591935PärtArvo Pärt1935–3 sourced connectionsPärt’s Collage über B-A-C-H1936ReichSteve Reich1936–2 sourced connectionsReich’s study of Ewe drumming, Ghana, 19701937GlassPhilip Glass1937–4 sourced connectionsGlass’s studies with Boulanger, Paris, 1964–⁠661947David BowieDavid Bowie1947–⁠20161 sourced connectionGlass’s Low Symphony after Bowie and Eno1947AdamsJohn Adams1947–2 sourced connectionsCage’s Silence and Adams’s modernist training1952SaariahoKaija Saariaho1952–⁠20231 sourced connectionSaariaho’s L’Amour de loin and Jaufré Rudel1960The BeatlesThe Beatles1960–⁠19701 sourced connectionFrère Jacques in Paperback Writer1971AdèsThomas Adès1971–1 sourced connectionAdès’s Three Studies from CouperinThe European anthemThe European anthemAdopted 1972; European Community adoption 19851 sourced connectionOde to Joy as the European anthem

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Key

Portraits mark people; lines join their encounters, borrowings and collaborations. Birth years run from left to right, with early centuries compressed and crowded generations spread out. Each line opens the connection’s date, account and sources.

  • Quotation & parody
  • Teaching, copying & models
  • Music heard
  • Reactions against
  • Painting & poetry

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